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Hi David;
As I understand the operation, The metal disk is a support and one
electrical lead for a piezoelectric ceramic material. When an
oscillatory potential is applied, the ceramic material distorts and
creates a longitudinal wave in the air. The frequency is about 40 kHz,
therefore ultrasonic. This frequency is pulsed at a rate that allows
the reflected wave to act on the ceramic in the reverse direction and
produce a potential between the two lead connected to the disk. The
rest is electronics wave shaping and amplification.