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The voltage rating of the capacitor is not the critical factor. The
voltage rating only tells us approximately at what voltage with the
dielectric break down and begin to conduct. Connected to one 1.5 AA
battery, the capacitor can only charge to 1.5 v. But the crucial fact is
the amount of charge stored on the capacitor which can then be discharged
rapidly by a human connecting across its ends. Thus a large current flow
results. Remember that Q=CV. I have not looked at my disposable flash
unit yet, but my guess is that the capacitance is in the millifarad range.
Just
a guess.